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The Turkic term ''oğuz'' or ''oğur'' (in z- and r-Turkic, respectively) is a historical term for "military division, clan, or tribe" among the Turkic peoples. The ''oguz'' were divisions of the early Turkic Nomadic empires of the 5th to 11th centuries, including Khazars, Avars, Bulgars and Uyghurs. With the Mongol invasions of 1206–21, the Turkic khaganates were replaced by Mongol or hybrid Turco-Mongol confederations, where the corresponding military division came to be known as ''orda''. The 8th-century Kül Tigin stela has the earliest attestation of the term in Old Turkic epigraphy, as ''Toquz Oghuz'' "nine tribes" The term occurs in numerous proper names of tribes or confederations of the time of the Turkic migration during the early medieval period, viz. *Onogur "ten tribes" *Toquz Oghuz "nine tribes" *Utigurs *Kutrigurs *Uyghur The Old Turkic stem ''uq-, oq-'' "kin, tribe" is from a Proto-Turkic '' *uk''. The Old Turkic word is sometimes connected with the Old Turkic word ''oq'' "arrow";〔Sergei Anatolyevich Starostin, (Turkic etymology ) ((Online Etymological Database Project )), citing VEWT 511, ЭСТЯ 1, 582-583, Егоров 76. Starostin thought the connection with "arrow" was made "erroneously".〕 Pohl (2002) in explanation of this connection adduces the Chinese T'ang-shu chronicle, which reports that "the khan divided his realm into ten tribes. To the leader of each tribe, he sent an arrow. The name (these ten leaders ) was 'the ten ''she, but they were also called 'the ten arrows'." 〔the "arrows" connection was first reported by Édouard Chavannes, ''Documents sur les Tou-kiue (Turcs) occidentaux'', 1900.〕〔Walter Pohl, ''Die Awaren: ein Steppenvolk im Mitteleuropa, 567-822 n. Chr'', C.H.Beck (2002), ISBN 978-3-406-48969-3, p. 26-29.〕 An ''oguz'' (''ogur'') was in origin a military division of a Nomadic empire, and only secondarily acquired tribal or ethnic connotations, by processes of ethnogenesis.〔 ==References== *Karoly Czeglédy, ''On the Numerical Composition of the Ancient Turkic Tribal Confederations'', Acta Orient. Hung., 25 (1972), 275-281. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Turkic tribal confederations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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